ESDiT Publications

@article{Malinverno2023,

title = {A historical perspective of biomedical explainable AI research},

author = {Luca Malinverno and Vesna Barros and Francesco Ghisoni and Giovanni Visonà and Roman Kern and Philip Nickel and Barbara Ventura and Ilija Šimić and Sarah Stryeck and Francesca Manni and Cesar Ferri and Claire Jean-Quartier and Laura Genga and Gabriele Schweikert and Mario Lovrić and Michal Rosen-Zvi},

url = {https://www.esdit.nl/1-s2-0-s266638992300199x-main/},

doi = {10.1016/j.patter.2023.100830 },

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-08},

urldate = {2023-09-08},

journal = {Patterns},

volume = {4},

issue = {9},

pages = {9},

abstract = {The black-box nature of most artificial intelligence (AI) models encourages the development of explainability methods to engender trust into the AI decision-making process. Such methods can be broadly categorized into two main types: post hoc explanations and inherently interpretable algorithms. We aimed at analyzing the possible associations between COVID-19 and the push of explainable AI (XAI) to the forefront of biomedical research. We automatically extracted from the PubMed database biomedical XAI studies related to concepts of causality or explainability and manually labeled 1,603 papers with respect to XAI categories. To compare the trends pre- and post-COVID-19, we fit a change point detection model and evaluated significant changes in publication rates. We show that the advent of COVID-19 in the beginning of 2020 could be the driving factor behind an increased focus concerning XAI, playing a crucial role in accelerating an already evolving trend. Finally, we present a discussion with future societal use and impact of XAI technologies and potential future directions for those who pursue fostering clinical trust with interpretable machine learning models.},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Corona virus, COVID-19, Decision-making, Explainability, Foundation models, Machine learning, Meta-review, PRISMA, Trustworthiness},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The technology triad: disruptive AI, regulatory gaps and value change},

author = {Jeroen Hopster and Matthijs Maas },

url = {https://www.esdit.nl/the-technology-triad/},

doi = {doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00305-5 },

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-28},

urldate = {2023-06-28},

journal = {AI and Ethics},

abstract = {Disruptive technologies can have far-reaching impacts on society. They may challenge or destabilize cherished ethical values and disrupt legal systems. There is a convergent interest among ethicists and legal scholars in such “second-order disruptions” to norm systems. Thus far, however, ethical and legal approaches to technological norm-disruption have remained largely siloed. In this paper, we propose to integrate the existing ‘dyadic’ models of disruptive change in the ethical and legal spheres, and shift focus to the relations between and mutual shaping of values, technology, and law. We argue that a ‘triadic’ values-technology-regulation model—“the technology triad”—is more descriptively accurate, as it allows a better mapping of second-order impacts of technological changes (on values and norms, through changes in legal systems—or on legal systems, through changes in values and norms). Simultaneously, a triadic model serves to highlight a broader portfolio of ethical, technical, or regulatory interventions that can enable effective ethical triage of—and a more resilient response to—such Socially Disruptive Technologies. We illustrate the application of the triadic framework with two cases, one historical (how the adoption of the GDPR channeled and redirected the evolution of the ethical value of ‘privacy’ when that had been put under pressure by digital markets), and one anticipatory (looking at anticipated disruptions caused by the ongoing wave of generative AI systems).},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Regulation, Social disruptive technologies, Technology ethics, Technology law, Value change},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {If conceptual engineering is a new method in the ethics of AI, what method is it exactly?},

author = {Guido Löhr},

doi = {10.1007/s43681-023-00295-4},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-16},

urldate = {2023-05-16},

journal = {AI and Ethics},

abstract = {Can a machine be a person? Can a robot think, be our friend or colleague? These familiar questions in the ethics of AI have recently become much more urgent than many philosophers anticipated. However, they also seem as intractable as ever. For this reason, several philosophers of AI have recently turned their attention to an arguably new method: conceptual engineering. The idea is to stop searching for the real essence of friendship or our ordinary concept of the person. Instead, ethicists of AI should engineer concepts of friend or person we should apply. But what exactly is this method? There is currently no consensus on what the target object of conceptual engineers is or should be. In this paper, I reject a number of popular options and then argue for a pragmatist way of thinking about the target object of conceptual engineering in the ethics of AI. I conclude that in this pragmatist picture, conceptual engineering is probably what we have been doing all along. So, is it all just hype? No, the idea that the ethics of AI has been dominated by conceptual engineers all along constitutes an important meta-philosophical insight. We can build on this insight to develop a more rigorous and thorough methodology in the ethics of AI.},

keywords = {AI Ethics, Artificial intelligence, Conceptual engineering, Conceptual ethics, Pragmatism, Representationalism},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A new control problem? Humanoid robots, artificial intelligence, and the value of control},

author = {Sven Nyholm},

doi = {10.1007/s43681-022-00231-y},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-07},

urldate = {2022-11-07},

journal = {AI and Ethics},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Control, Extended agency, Humanoid robots, Self-control, The control problem},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {‘De mens wordt steeds meer een robot’},

author = {Lambèr Royakkers and Nathalie Huigsloot},

url = {https://www.hpdetijd.nl/2022-08-28/de-mens-wordt-steeds-meer-een-robot/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-28},

journal = {HP De Tijd},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Contestable AI by Design: Towards a Framework},

author = {Kars Alfrink and Ianus Keller and Gerd Kortuem and Neelke Doorn},

doi = {10.1007/s11023-022-09611-z},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-13},

journal = {Minds and Machines},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Automated decision-making, Contestability, Design, Human-computer interaction, Machine learning, Sociotechnical systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {On the sui generis value capture of new digital technologies: The case of AI},

author = {Emre Kazim and Enzo Fenoglio and Airlie Hilliard and Adriano Koshiyama and Catherine Mulligan and Markus Trengove and Abigail Gilbert and Arthur Gwagwa and Denise Almeida and Phil Gosdiff and Kaska Porayska-Pomsta},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100526},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-08},

journal = {Patterns},

volume = {3},

number = {100526},

issue = {7},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Digital assets, Information theory, Ontology, Value theory},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The role of the African value of Ubuntu in global AI inclusion discourse: A normative ethics perspective},

author = {Arthur Gwagwa and Emre Kazim and Airlie Hilliard},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100462},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

urldate = {2022-04-08},

journal = {Patterns},

volume = {3},

number = {100462},

issue = {4},

keywords = {African ethics and values, AI Ethics, Artificial intelligence, Ubuntu philosophy, Utilitarianism},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Tensions in transparent urban AI: designing a smart electric vehicle charge point},

author = {Kars Alfrink and Ianus Keller and Neelke Doorn and Gerd Kortuem},

doi = {10.1007/s00146-022-01436-9},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-31},

journal = {AI & Society},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Electric vehicles, Transparency, Urban AI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Trust in medical artificial intelligence: a discretionary account},

author = {Philip Nickel},

doi = {10.1007/s10676-022-09630-5},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-24},

journal = {Ethics and Information Technology},

volume = {24},

number = {7},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Discretion, Future of medicine, Normative expectations, Trust in AI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gwagwa2021,

title = {Road map for research on responsible artificial intelligence for development (AI4D) in African countries: The case study of agriculture},

author = {Arthur Gwagwa and Emre Kazim and Patti Kachidza and Airlie Hilliard and Kathleen Siminyu and Matthew Smith and John Shawe-Taylor},

doi = {10.1016/j.patter.2021.100381},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-10},

journal = {Perspective},

volume = {2},

number = {100381},

issue = {12},

keywords = {Africa, AI Ethics, Artificial intelligence, Development, Responsible AI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nyholm2021c,

title = {The World’s Most Dangerous Idea? Transhumanism in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change, and Existential Risk. Some Comments on Stefan Lorenz Sorgner’s On Transhumanism},

author = {Sven Nyholm},

isbn = { 2810 – 5532},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Deliberatio Studies in Contemporary Philosophical Challenges},

volume = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {77-86},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Climate change, Existential risks, Transhumanism, Values},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Danaher2021,

title = {Automation, work and the achievement gap},

author = {John Danaher and Sven Nyholm},

doi = {10.1007/s43681-020-00028-x},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-01},

journal = {AI and Ethics},

volume = {1},

issue = {3},

pages = {227-237},

keywords = {Achievement, Artificial intelligence, Automation, Autonomy, Community, Mastery, Meaningful work, Responsibility gap},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rutenberg2021,

title = {Use and Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Climate Change Adaptation in Africa},

author = {Isaac Rutenberg and Arthur Gwagwa and Melissa Omino},

editor = {Walter Leal Filho and Nicholas Oguge and Desalegn Ayal and Lydia Adeleke and Izael da Silva},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_80},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

journal = {African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation},

pages = {1107-1126},

keywords = {Adaptation, Africa, Algorithms, Artificial intelligence, Climate change, Data, Migration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Doorn2021,

title = {Artificial Intelligence in the Water Domain. Opportunities for Responsible Use},

author = {Neelke Doorn},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142561},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-10},

urldate = {2021-02-10},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {755},

number = {142561},

issue = {1},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Data science, Ethics, Many-objective optimisation, Responsible AI, Water domain},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Stahl2021,

title = {Artificial intelligence for human flourishing – Beyond principles for machine learning},

author = {Bernd Carsten Stahl and Andreas Andreou and Philip Brey and Tally Hatzakis and Alexey Kirichenko and Kevin Macnisch and S. Laulhé Shaelou and Andrew Patel and Mark Ryan and David Wright},

doi = {10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.030 },

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Business Research},

volume = {124},

issue = {Artificial Intelligence},

pages = {374-388},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Big data, Ethics, Governance, Human rights},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Three philosophical perspectives on the relation between technology and society, and how they affect the current debate about artificial intelligence},

author = {Ibo van de Poel},

doi = {10.1515/humaff-2020-0042},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-09},

urldate = {2020-10-09},

journal = {Human Affairs},

volume = {30},

issue = {4},

pages = {499-511},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Co-evolution, Philosophy, Society, Technological determinism, Technology, Values},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}